Correlation seems simple on the surface. As one thing gets larger, something either gets larger or smaller. While at a high level, this is generally true, once we go further into correlation, there is much more it can tell us.…
While K means clustering is one of the most famous clustering algorithms, what happens when you are clustering categorical variables or dealing with binary data? K means clustering depends on the data points being continuous, where an average (mean) is…
Seeing what features are most important in your models is key to optimizing and increasing model accuracy. Feature importance is one of the most crucial aspects of machine learning, and sometimes how you got to an answer is more important…
As data scientists, we’re interested in solving future problems. We do this by finding patterns and trends in data, then applying these insights in real-time. Bayes theorem (the backbone of Bayes Classification) is built upon class-level prior probability, and this…
Evaluating a clustering algorithm is much different than evaluating a classification or regression machine learning algorithm. In a classification problem, labels will be given for the data points, giving you a reference point to create your accuracy measure. What happens…
While chi-square tests are very powerful, they are often misused. This hypothesis test is commonly used to test three different things. Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test Used to test if a categorical variable is from a distribution Chi-Square Test of…
In data science, when trying to discover the trends and patterns inside of data, you may run into many different scenarios. For example, you could run into a situation where the data is not linear, you have more than one…
Creating different machine learning models in Keras becomes super easy once we understand the fundamentals. Getting the correct output shape starts with correctly defining the right input shape for your deep learning models. If you mess this up, you’ll spend…
Deep learning can be tricky, but we have some APIs that help us create wonderful models that can quickly converge to a great solution. The Keras API used for neural networks has risen in popularity for modeling with TensorFlow. Keras…
Topic modeling is a dense but gratifying subject. Knowing how to put your text into specific topics is crucial to understanding the different genres within your text. Utilizing topic modeling also allows you to quickly ingest ideas from your text…